1. Product Origin (Source and Development Background)
HGH Fragment 176-191 is a synthetically produced peptide fragment corresponding to amino acids 176 to 191 at the C-terminus of human growth hormone (hGH, a total of 191 amino acids). In the 1990s, researchers Frank Ng and Gary Borstein at Monash University in Australia, while analyzing the structure-activity relationship of growth hormone, discovered that hGH's lipomobilization (lipolysis) activity was concentrated in this C-terminal region. They isolated and synthesized this fragment, aiming to obtain a tool molecule that "burns fat only with few side effects." Its related modified/derived compound, AOD-9604, entered clinical trials but ultimately did not receive widespread approval.
2. Key Parameters (Physicochemical/Basic Information)
Type: Synthetic peptide fragment (C-terminal fragment of growth hormone)
Amino acid length: 16 (corresponding to hGH 176–191)
Sequence (common representation): Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe
Molecular weight: Approximately 1817 Da (≈1817.1 g/mol)
CAS: 66004-57-7
Dissolution/Storage (Typical Research Procedures): Can be reconstituted with antibacterial water in a stoichiometric ratio; lyophilized products are generally recommended to be stored at -20℃; short-term storage after reconstitution is recommended. 4℃, avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Half-life: Short (often mentioned in animal/experimental contexts as approximately 30–60 minutes; not yet standardized in humans).
3. Functions (Research Directions/Experimentally Observed Activities)
Promoting Lipolysis: In adipocytes/animal models, it can activate lipolysis-related signaling, such as by affecting cAMP/PKA and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), promoting the hydrolysis of stored triglycerides.
Inhibiting Lipogenesis: Studies have found that it can inhibit lipid neosynthesis-related processes, exhibiting a dual lipid metabolism orientation of "promoting catabolism + inhibiting synthesis."
Relatively "metabolic neutral" characteristics (research focus): Multiple sources indicate that it does not drive IGF-1 elevation through classical GH receptors, nor does it significantly disrupt glucose/insulin sensitivity (one of the key differences from full-length GH).
Potential other research directions: Some data also mention exploration in preclinical studies related to cartilage/bone and joint, but these are relatively early/minor directions.
4. Core Advantages (Research Value Compared to Full-Length GH)
Selectivity: Retains the lipolysis-related active domains of hGH while eliminating (or not triggering) the broad endocrine effects of full-length GH, such as growth promotion, IGF-1 stimulation, and insulin resistance.
Cleaner Safety Study Approach: In many preclinical descriptions, it is less likely to cause typical problems associated with full-name GH, such as hyperglycemia, fluid retention, and acromegaly.
Strong Research Tool Attributes: Suitable for "dissecting" the roles of different functional domains within the growth hormone molecule, such as analyzing the lipid metabolism domain separately.
5. Disadvantages/Limitations
No Formal Therapeutic Approval: It has not been approved for human disease treatment in any major market and is classified as an experimental/research chemical.
Limited Human Evidence: Most data related to "fat reduction/body composition" comes from preclinical studies (cell/animal); human efficacy and long-term safety have not been established.
Stability and Dosage Limitations: Short half-life, typically injectable (subcutaneous in research contexts), and lack of standardized protocols and regulatory support for human use.
Effects are not "magic": Even if effective in preclinical models, it does not guarantee the same level or consistency in humans; late-stage clinical trial results for related derivatives, AOD-9604, have not provided evidence for marketability.
6. Applicable Scenarios (Research Level)
Obesity/Lipid Metabolism Research: As a GH fragment containing only the lipolysis domain, it is used to study adipocyte lipolysis, lipid production regulation, and energy balance.
Signal Pathway Analysis: Used to distinguish between the "growth/IGF-1 axis" and the "metabolism/lipolysis axis" of GH, such as 3-adrenergic pathways, cAMP/PKA, HSL/ATGL, etc.
Comparative Studies: Used in parallel experiments with full-length GH, other metabolic peptides, receptor knockout models, etc., to attribute to specific metabolic phenotypes.
7. Precautions (Especially Important)
For Research Use Only: This product is typically marketed as "for research use only, not for human consumption" and should not be used as a drug, health supplement, or weight-loss drug for personal use.
High-Risk/Non-Compliant for Human Use: Lacks approval, standardized clinical protocols, and safety data; it is also frequently monitored in sports doping regulations (its related substance, AOD-9604, is discussed in anti-doping studies).
Experimental Procedures (Research Context): Pay attention to the lyophilization and storage of peptides, reconstitution with solvents and aliquoting, avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, and rotate injection sites (if conducting animal experiments) to reduce the risk of degradation and local irritation.
8. Summary of Research Value
The core research value of HGH Fragment 176-191 lies in providing a molecular tool for "separating the lipolytic function of growth hormone from its growth/IGF-1 function for research": it helps researchers locate the C-terminal lipolytic domain of hGH, design more targeted metabolic experiments, and promote the exploration of subsequent derivatives (such as AOD-9604) and obesity/metabolic mechanisms; however, to date, it has not become an approved therapeutic drug.
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